The Evolution of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Evolution of Terrorism - Essay Example This is incompletely a direct result of the changing chronicled components of psychological warfare, particularly the activity of dread by culprits inside a specific political and social setting. This article recognizes the critical recorded components of psychological oppression and how they have advanced since the assaults of 2001. The 9/11 assaults on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center uncovered that the chronicled components of fear based oppression had definitely changed. These days, psychological militants are associated with a spate of mass homicide and self destruction over the globe. In the past it had been sensible to imagine that there were limits that fear based oppressors would not set out go past. After the huge number of losses on the eleventh of September 2001, plainly there are fear based oppressor bunches that would set out break limits. Fear mongering in the past was not quite the same as that after 9/11. The historical backdrop of fear mongering isn't just Middle Eastern yet in addition European, and strict as well as nonreligious. In any case, there are a few basic components that can be recognized in the development of the components of psychological oppression. The 9/11 assaults were an undermining new turn in an old story of fixation on political brutality and dread. The term ‘terrorism’ turned out to be a piece of the European jargon after the 1789 French Revolution. In the underlying progressive time frame, it was for the most part through viciousness and fear that the French governments endeavored to drive their progressive new request onto the reluctant masses. Thus, the first meaning of ‘terrorism’ was ‘rule of terror’ (Coaty 9). Such definition functions as a ground-breaking message that dread is normally at its most vicious when practiced by tyrannical systems against their own populace. Be that as it may, in the nineteenth century, psychological warfare experienced a memorable advancement, getting connected, as it stays up to this point, to nongovernmental associations.

Comparing Nothings Changed and Half-Caste Essay -- Tatamkhulu Afrika

Contrasting Nothing's Changed and Half-Caste Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed are two sonnets that, notwithstanding having various subjects, are brimming with likenesses. Both Half-Caste and Nothing's Changed express outrage. In spite of the fact that, the object of their resentment is extraordinary. The outrage in Half-Caste is aimed at language, or more explicitly the utilization of one expression while the outrage in Nothing's Changed is towards a culture. In Half-Caste Caribbean tongue is utilized. Nothing's Changed is written in standard English. Notwithstanding, both scholars decided to utilize free stanza implying that neither one of the poems follows explicit guidelines or examples. In Half-Caste the sonnet is composed from the essayist's perspective. Which implies the peruser can see the author's very own emotions about the term half-position. The initial line, Reason me shows that the sonnet is composed from the essayist's perspective as reason me is an expression utilized by somebody when they need to begin a discussion. I feel that if the sonnet was composed from someone else's perspective it would lose a portion of it's impact. The feeling in the sonnet would run over less firmly and appear to be less genuine, as it wouldn't be sure whether the author really feels the resentment communicated in the sonnet or just thinks that individuals may feel that way. Half-Caste is composed as a discussion and along these lines is in first individual. You can see that the sonnet is a discussion in lines, for example, line 33 where it says, Ah tuning in to yu... and line 47, ...yu must return tomorrow. Both of these lines show that the writer is conversing with someone else. I think this is acceptable as it is unique. I likewise think it makes the sonnet progressively close to home to you as you read it thus, maybe, makes you think increasingly about what Agard is stating... ...runch exhibit the threatening vibe of nature and the jars implies there is litter, regularly puts influenced by litter are run down territories, regions that are not dealt with or deserted. In the second verse, he utilizes reiteration of the word and to stress that each some portion of his body has been influenced. Complexity comes through in his portrayal of the motel and the encompassing territory. Line 20, ...... the grass and weeds. brings up the contrast between the rich new hotel also, it's area. Afrika utilizes differentiate later on in the sonnet as well. In reality, refrain five, altogether differentiates verse four, and is there to show the gigantic contrasts between the lives of whites and blacks. Agard utilizes straightforward and direct language in Half-Caste. This permits him to express what is on his mind to the peruser more effectively than if he were to use loads of pointless words and expressions.

Fall Travel Days 4,5,6 NACAC Conference

Fall Travel Days 4,5,6 NACAC Conference The NACAC conference happens each fall. About 4200 admissions people (adcoms from colleges and universities, GCs from high schools, independent counselors, admissions-related vendors, etc.) descend on a city (Tampa this year) and attend classes and networking sessions. Theres a college fair for guidance counselors where all the colleges/universities set up booths (as they would at a normal college fair) and then GCs come around to network and ask questions. There are keynote speakers at the beginning and end (this year these were UMBC president Freeman Hrabowski, who was AMAZINGLY inspirational, and columnist Dave Barry, who is always hysterical). I got up at 4:30AM on Thursday to make it to the airport in time for my early flight and didnt get to sleep until after 2AM, so that was a pretty long day. We got to Tampa around 11AM, checked into the hotel, and registered for the conference. The first big event was Freeman Hrabowskis incredible speech, after which Marilee and I went in search of a wifi connection so we could deal with the critical emails that were sure to be clogging our in-boxes. We located said wifi connection in the lobby of our hotel, to the tune of $10/day. Ouch. At 5:30 PM, we got the MIT admissions crew together for a dinner reservation at Berns Steakhouse. This had been recommended to me by my uncle, whod told me earlier that its worth going to Tampa JUST to eat at Berns. We dramatically exceeded our MIT per diems but it was worth every penny I had to spend I dont think Ive ever had a steak that good. Berns has a menu that in some ways is more of a textbook than a menu covering every last detail on how best to age, cut, and cook beef. Amazing dinner. After dinner we hit the town, where I got to see a lot of my old pals from the Harvard Admissions Institute. The first day of NACAC is mostly social. Some of it is frivolous, but its also where everyone checks in with each other on the coming years truly important admissions-related issues. To me the critical thing going on right now in the admissions world is the movement to take back our field. Marilee is firmly on board, as is the rest of our office. To sum it up, admissions should be a process, not a business. Heres a plug for Lloyd Thackers Educational Conservancy. Hes fighting the good fight, and thank god someone is. I was a bit appalled at the opening ceremony for NACAC. NACAC is deisgned to promote dialogue and improve admissions across the board. Period. But after the keynote speaker, NACACs president introduced a special guest whose company had donated $115K to NACAC. She proceeded to plug said company, a partner of USNWR (and we all know how I feel about that). The good part was that it generated quite a buzz over the next few days between college and HS professionals. NACAC is not for sale became the mantra. Well see. Woke up early on Friday and mostly attended NACAC sessions, including a session on why its so hard to get women to consider careers in engineering and then Marilees panel on the current stress-fueled climate in selective college admissions. Both were great. Then the college fair for GCs, then back to the hotel with Matt to work on our Blogging In Admissions presentation for today. Friday nights dinner was also great. Matt had heard of a place in nearby Ybor City called Columbia. Authentic cuban cuisine complete with a cabaret show. AWESOME. Overheard from Edmund: this makes me want to get my flamenco dance troop back together. Headed back to the hotel after dinner to work more on the powerpoint for todays blogging presentation. Finished at 3AM I forget how productive I am in the wee hours of the morning. I used to be nocturnal but having kids fixed that. Its funny as soon as Im away from home my body reverts. Maybe Im a vampire. Except that I hate the sight of blood. Woke up today and headed to the convention center to do the blogging presentation. It was well attended and except for a minor technology issue (they forgot our projector which made us have to start 10 minutes late) I think it went really well. To those of you who attended thanks so much for coming, and thanks for all of the great questions! Matt and I had some lunch afterwards and then met up with the rest of the MIT crew to attend the Dave Barry talk. Good stuff. Then a bunch of emailing, and a trip to the airport for my flight to Philly, for which I am currently waiting. Note to self: remember that the Tampa airport has amazingly fast (and free!) wifi. * Tomorrow: the Philly central meeting at Germantown Academy.

Impact of New Media in Music Industry - 1394 Words

Impact of New Media in Music Industry Introduction In the recent years, there have been changes in the structure of the Music industry and the paths that have been used for creating, promoting and distributing music. Most of these changes resulted from the advancements in technology, which affected both economic and technological structures of the industry. The digitization of music and its migration on to the Internet has been one of the biggest challenges to the traditional music industry. Ever since the invention of recorded music itself over a century ago, and together with the rise of illegal file sharing, it smashes the familiar hierarchies and materiality of musical production at practically every level. Today a growing number of†¦show more content†¦The lower cost to access a larger variety of music will sure to attract a very large group of consumers. Traditional record labels are still effective for well-known artists who rely on extremely effective budgeting, marketing, and promotion strategies. The competitors may be subject to legal implications resulting from laws to protect copyright, intellectual property, and royalty rights due to the free sale of an artist’s work via the Internet. The traditional record labels should continue to emphasis their ability to be the best provider of marketing, distribution and promotion strategies. They also have the option of developing digital transmission products to compete with MP3 as a high quality, high technology provider in the music industry. The traditional record labels could also establish a joint venture with an Internet superstore to sell their CDs at a discounted price. They could also create their own Internet store. The traditional record labels could design web sites that offer customer services such as chat rooms, artist information, instant messaging and a variety o f others. The Internet store should continue to offer a wide variety of music at a lower cost to attract the greatest number of customers. Production Product innovation and technological advancements are also driving forces of change in the music industry. For everyone who are familiar with and spotting many of them owningShow MoreRelatedIfsm 304 A11344 Words   |  6 PagesSOFTWARE PIRACY IFSM 304 Abstract In the various media industries there are extreme worries concerning unauthorized downloading and copying of their products known as piracy. Piracy of items has been part of commerce for centuries; counterfeiting of currency for example. With the information age the ease at which media can be pirated has caused an explosion of this phenomenon. This practice is an illegal act that is done by individuals for personal use and also for profit. The first doRead MoreCelebrity And Image Of The Media1539 Words   |  7 Pagesactors, athletes, and models all depend on publicity from the media. Promotions through magazines, newspapers, concerts, movies, CD’s, sports networks and social media determine their success. Not only do the musicians, actors, athletes, and models depend on social media, but also on the fans. 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The current music industry which emerged around the middle of the 20th century has been undergoing drastic changes for the past two decades. When the Internet, and peer-to-peer file-sharing services such as Napster, Kazaa and Limewire, began their rise at the turn of the millennium, many predicted that the music industry, among other entertainment sectors, was headedRead MoreInternet Piracy : Friend Or Foe?1327 Words   |  6 Pagescopying files that have been copyrighted, usually things like music, movies, games, and even books. The music and film industry usually report about a sharp decline in sales because of piracy, but other experts disagree and some even claim that piracy is helping those industries. There are obviously many sides to this argument. Is piracy the problem? Is legislation the problem? Is the industry at fault? For years the music and film industry has taken a â€Å"black and white† stance on piracy. â€Å"While downloadingRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Music On The Music Industry896 Words   |  4 Pagesdownloads. Threatening the survival of the music industry and introducing a unique set of challenges for the industry to overcome. To remain relevant in the new global market of digital music online, the music industry would have to evolve and change with the introduction of each new facet technology had to offer. The introduction of digitally compressed music files, so easily attainable for a small fee or downloaded legally (pirated) for free, made the music industry reevaluate how to make a profit andRead MoreThe Issues Arising From File Sharing1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand businesses. The communication and media platforms were on the frontline in embracing the new technology. The internet is currently the largest source of music and video content. The availability of high-sp eed internet connections and a creation of inexpensive and easily distributable digital contents has facilitated to the high number of downloads. This has been attributed with both advantages and disadvantages. The creation of peer-to-peer (P2P) media sharing platforms led to a rise of theRead MoreMedia Piracy1584 Words   |  7 Pages Media Piracy Vicente K. Maselli Florida International University CGS 3095 Section RVCC Summer.2017 Abstract Media piracy can sometimes be viewed as a repercussion of the digital age we live in. Although it had grown to become a common practice over the last 20 years, media piracy continues to be an illegal activity monitored by the Federal Bureau for Intelligence (FBI). Its effects range over a variety of industries, including software, music, TV and movieRead MoreHow Music Industry And Artists Have Been Affected By The Internet- 3rd Draft1559 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2015 How Music Industry and Artists Have Been Affected by the Internet- 3rd Draft Technology in this digital age has led to drastic changes in many sectors of life, especially needs to technology such as Internet as an information and connection resource. In fact, music has continually evolved at a rapid rate, and the music industry is struggling to keep up the pace. Issues ranging from illegally downloading and sharing of music, piracy to inevitable disputes over sites offering music streaming

Ruthless Essay Topics for Renaissance Strategies Exploited

Ruthless Essay Topics for Renaissance Strategies Exploited The Hidden Gem of Essay Topics for Renaissance The writing process is going to be a pleasure, and your reader will delight in reading your bit of academic writing. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Occasionally it only appears simple, but plenty of students forget about the sort of academic writing they need to follow. If a student believes that it's simple to select what things to compose about, that student isn't right. The Hidden Treasure of Essay Topics for Renaissance The essay isn't the simplest task to master. If you wish to compose a fantastic history essay you'd better opt for a topic that's familiar to you. You need to be very careful when choosing an essay topic. Deciding on the proper essay topic can occasionally be rather tricky. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research on the web, it's far better to determine what interests you the most. Remain realistic and select a topic you are able to research. If you like you may look online and find one which you like. Search for the international history essay topics in the news or on the internet. In case you have any questions, allow me to know! Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Together with the topics, you'd come across loads of papers at no cost. This way you'll restrict your topics to the one which is right for you. Facts, Fiction and Essay Topics for Renaissance The ideal was similar to the present idea of interdisciplinary studies where the student attempts to steer clear of the hazards of overspecialization which may lead to an educational imbalance. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. It's not advised to use phrases which could consist of vague definitions or controversial concepts. You ought to be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and figure out how to get the best arguments to demonstrate your thesis. What racism is and the way to cope with it. There were different reformations which were caused on account of the protestant reformation for instance, the counter reformation. As we dwell in the mercenary society, so we're made to play by its regulations. Facts, Fiction and Essay Topics for Renaissance Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. The best way to success requires a lot of time and energy. The most significant thing is that it's his choice to cooperate with Lord Henry and his luring thoughts. To locate a subject that has been researched adequately but not too much can be an intimidating issue to do. Essay Topics for Renaissance at a Glance It is an impossible task to compose a great history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about whatsoever. Just make sure it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. Select something you're interested in. Make your list as long as feasible take a brief break. Why making selfies can help raise your self-confidence. If you're considering purchasing an item which you will still have next calendar year, think about pulling out the card but you need to be careful. The specific fuzy issues are often made available to examination all the practical electrical power and inventive looking into an individual. When you own a list before your eyes, it is going to be a lot easier to compose your mind and begin considering a specific matter. Saint Jerome is likewise very detailed which furthers the emphasis put on man. Between 1508-1512, Michelangelo painted a number of the finest pictorial images of all moment. Renaissance saw gifted individuals who developed their abilities in a wide selection of fields causing the idea of Renaissance man or Universal Genius. The Renaissance took place on a long length of time. Florence, Italy, was the house of the beginning of the Renaissance. The Renaissance era proved to be a secular movement. Thus, it turned into a supportive atmosphere for a foundation of the new kind of the Renaissance. The Renaissance period is regarded as the intellectual birth of contemporary society.

Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour Free Essays

Finally, the â€Å"Zoo† data set Is a trivial one with 7 classes, which are animal groups, with a total of 101 instances. Each animal instance contains 18 attributes, those of which include the animal’s name or race, 2 numeric for its legs and its type, and 15 Boolean-valued attributes; those that involve simple yes or no answers. The following is an analysis of 4 classification algorithms that can be optimally used for these data sets. We will write a custom essay sample on Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour or any similar topic only for you Order Now ANN. would be a good decision when simplicity and accuracy are the overwhelming factors, like in the â€Å"Zoo† data set. This classification algorithm does not focus on the prior probabilities, and is very efficient in structure. The primary computation is the sorting procedures in order to guru out the k-nearest neighbors for the test data. There are many advantages. It is structurally trivial, but it’s able to make complex decision boundaries, it doesn’t need much information to be able to work, it naturally gets in tune with our problem-solving techniques, and it learns easily. The disadvantages are that it takes quite a long time to classify and that it’s somewhat hard to find the best value for k. Decision Tree The Decision Tree algorithm helps solve the problem of classifying data into multiple groups of data. It provides innovative rules for solving large amounts of classification assignments because it arks on every different type of data. It’s well-suited for analyzing abundant amounts of info, such as the â€Å"Adult† data set, because it does not need to load all the data in the system’s main memory all at the same time. It uses a root system to remove the burden of the problem’s difficulty. The Decision Tree exploration engine is used for assignments such as classifying databases or predicting results. These decision trees should be used when your mission is to assign your records to some ample categories. They help you out with rules that are easy to comprehend, ND those which can also help you pinpoint the best fields in case of future involvement in the project. There are an equal amount of advantages and disadvantages here. In the bright side, it is easy to comprehend and to generate rules, and it makes your life a whole lot easier when the problem gets degraded in difficulty. On the other hand, once an error has been made on a node at level n, then any and all nodes at level n-l, n-2, n-3,†¦ , n-k will also be wrong. Furthermore, it is not good at handling continuous variables. Nevertheless, being able to work with mass scale database files with Just his algorithm is reputable in itself. How to cite Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour, Papers

Science and Mathematics Instruction in the Philippines free essay sample

It is no doubt that there are students who have difficulty in these two subjects, even the researcher for herself have problems understanding Mathematics subjects like Algebra and Geometry but excels more on Science subjects like Biology and other Natural Science subjects. Now let us look into what is the importance of Science and Mathematics in the curriculum of the Philippine Education System, the goals and specific objectives, how can these subjects be learned in other settings not just in the school, and other instructional materials that can be utilized to enrich the teaching of Mathematics and Science. First let us define what Mathematics is, according to the Book of Popular Science (2005): it came from the Greek word â€Å"mathemata† meaning things that are learned, it is mentioned in the book that this may not seem to apply just to Mathematics but to other fields of knowledge. The reason for this is that Mathematics, the study of numbers and space in the time of Greeks also included the study of astronomy and music. We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Mathematics Instruction in the Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, let us recall what has been the general meaning of Science since we were in elementary; it is an organized body of knowledge or sometimes referred to as empirical or experiential knowledge. This organized body of knowledge is a field of systematic body of inquiry and deals with nature and natural phenomena that is why when a nationwide survey was done b y the Department of Education asking students â€Å"What is the most interesting subject in the school curriculum? † – Science has the most number of lines in the tally. There are many factors that could determine how a student can be interested in learning more about Mathematics and Science subjects, these factors can help students learn more about Mathematics and Science such as factors that could enrich the teaching of both subjects: (1) The school should provide an adequate working space for Science laboratories and provide Mathematics workbooks for students to practice on; (2) The teachers should be able to instruct and teach students according to the intensity of the subjects under the Mathematics and Science curriculum; (3) Teachers should be knowledgeable, skilled in a variety of teaching strategies, and can always inculcate values and the right attitude towards working; (4) The learning environment should always be orderly, comfortable and helpful for the students; (5) The learners must possess adequate mental maturity; positive traits paired with great interest on the subject, special talents, and well defined objectives for themselves towa rd the subject; (6) Students should have a big interest for accuracy, which is why experimentation and calculation is used in Mathematics and Science; (7) Functional thinking, logical thinking and quantitative thinking should also be possessed by students. These are aspects that could help in enriching Mathematics and Science learning and to further understand it, I will discuss the following in separate parts and will later dwell on the similarities and differences in: * Goals and Objectives of Mathematics and Science teaching * Instructional resources that can be used in the school in teaching Science * Strategies in Teaching Mathematics and; * Pragmatic Approach to Teaching Science The main question is why is there a need for Mathematics and Science instruction in Education? Both of these subjects has been an integral part of our educational system since the American regime, today it is also a basis for formal and vocational/technical courses that are offered nationwide. Media reports show that consumers tend to be influenced by advertisements rather than to read labels and in return they do not get what they should really get for their money, next is that many people still believe in horoscopes and fortune tellers rather than to explain events logically or scientifically, lastly is that even educated people or those with sufficient knowledge or educational background still fall for scams and sensationalized media reports. And as mentioned in the introduction: â€Å"Filipino students have low level of scientific and mathematics literacy. A large percentage cannot apply concepts to real life. yet in every goal in teaching Mathematics or Science is that after every lesson, students should be able to apply it on real life situations. Here are the goal and specific objectives of teaching Mathematics and Science in primary and secondary schools. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHING IN SCHOOLS First is why Mathematics instruction is needed, the researcher will further discuss the goals and objectives in teaching Mathematics for Philippine Elementary Schools. â€Å"GOAL: Demonstrate understanding and skills in computing with considerable speed and accuracy, estimating, communicating, thinking analytically and critically, and in solving problems in daily life using appropriate technology. †(DepEd, 2002) The above-mentioned is the goal for Philippine Elementary Schools in teaching Mathematics from pupils Grade One to Six, here are the following objectives and contents of Mathematics subjects that should be attained after the school year per Grade level: Grade I:The pupil is expected to show knowledge of central concepts and to carry out skills on â€Å"whole numbers up to one hundred including money and measurement† also to perform addition and subtraction of three digit numbers that can be applied to solve problems. Grade II:The pupil is expected to show knowledge of central concepts and to carry out skills on â€Å"whole numbers up to one thousand including basics in geometry† also to perform addition of three to four digit numbers and know basic details on multiplication and division that can be applied to solve problems. Grade III:The pupil is expected to show knowledge of central concepts and to carry out skills on â€Å"whole numbers up to one hundred thousand, f ractions, measurement and graphs† also to perform the four fundamental operations that can be applied to solve problems. Grade IV:The pupil is expected to show knowledge of central concepts and to carry out skills on â€Å"whole numbers up to million and billions, including money, decimals, fractions, geometry, graphs and scales† also to perform accurate and estimated computations of the four fundamental operations that can be applied to solve problems. Grade V:The pupil is expected to have mastered central concepts and to carry out skills on the fundamental operations on whole numbers, â€Å"demonstrate understanding of concepts and perform skills on fractions, decimals including money, ratio, percent, geometry, measurement and graphs† accurate and estimated computations of the four fundamental operations and rational numbers including money and measurement that can be applied to solve problems. Grade VI:The pupil is expected to have mastered central concepts and to carry out skills on the fundamental operations on whole numbers, â€Å"demonstrate understanding of concepts and perform skills on decimals, fractions, ratio and proportion, percent, integers, simple probability, geometry, measurement and graphs, integers† accurate and estimated computations of the four fundamental operations that involves decimals, money, fractions and measurement that can be applied to solve problems. The objectives and main goal for Mathematics teaching is clearly shown when you observe a Mathematics class in an elementary school and even when you observe your surroundings, in a store, in cooking, and in measuring things. These are the practical uses of Mathematics in our lives. The following are the goals of Science teaching that should serve as a guide in teaching Science lessons and conducting activities for students in Primary and Secondary Schools: 1. Develop scientific attitudes and values 2. Acquire skill in employing the scientific method 3. Gain functional knowledge and information 4. Arouse and sustain interest in future science-based pursuits 5. Develop desirable social attitudes There are differences and similarities in the goals and specific objectives of teaching Mathematics and Science to students. These are to instill the right attitude and values towards working on both of the subject matter. Even though Mathematics and Science are technical subjects and special bodies of knowledge, values are always included in dealing with both subjects.

Free Essays on Amazon Report

Amazon Report This report analyzes the performance of Amazon.com stock relative to their financial performance. The report focuses on the current state of the capital market, Amazon’s earnings trends, ratio analysis, and analyst recommendations. The report concludes with an investment recommendation based on the information obtained by the analysis. All ratios were computed using financial information obtained from Amazon’s 10-K filings from 1999-2002. 2003 financial information was obtained from Amazon’s 10Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003. Current State of Capital Market The United States economy is still experiencing a significant recession, which has weakened the capital markets. Over the past five years stock prices have experienced massive fluctuations. This is especially pertinent to technology stocks such as Amazon. The graph below illustrates Amazon’s stock performance over the past five years. Amazon’s stock has fluctuated drastically since 1999. In light of the current economy, it is reasonable to assume that this stock will continue this trend, and begin declining soon. Earnings Trends The graph below shows Amazon’s net income since 1999: Amazon has reported net losses in every year of operations. While the amount of losses has been decreasing since 2000, it is not likely that the Company will report earnings in 2003. The market tends to react poorly to reported losses. While Amazon’s stock may continue to rise through year-end, the price is likely to decline significantly when Amazon reports net losses early in 2004. Ratio Analysis The following section examines trends in Amazon’s liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios since 1999. Liquidity Liquidity ratios measure Amazon’s ability to meet its short-term debt and include the current ratio and quick ratio. The following chart illustrates trends in Amazon’s liquidity ratios: Amazon’s curr... Free Essays on Amazon Report Free Essays on Amazon Report Amazon Report This report analyzes the performance of Amazon.com stock relative to their financial performance. The report focuses on the current state of the capital market, Amazon’s earnings trends, ratio analysis, and analyst recommendations. The report concludes with an investment recommendation based on the information obtained by the analysis. All ratios were computed using financial information obtained from Amazon’s 10-K filings from 1999-2002. 2003 financial information was obtained from Amazon’s 10Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003. Current State of Capital Market The United States economy is still experiencing a significant recession, which has weakened the capital markets. Over the past five years stock prices have experienced massive fluctuations. This is especially pertinent to technology stocks such as Amazon. The graph below illustrates Amazon’s stock performance over the past five years. Amazon’s stock has fluctuated drastically since 1999. In light of the current economy, it is reasonable to assume that this stock will continue this trend, and begin declining soon. Earnings Trends The graph below shows Amazon’s net income since 1999: Amazon has reported net losses in every year of operations. While the amount of losses has been decreasing since 2000, it is not likely that the Company will report earnings in 2003. The market tends to react poorly to reported losses. While Amazon’s stock may continue to rise through year-end, the price is likely to decline significantly when Amazon reports net losses early in 2004. Ratio Analysis The following section examines trends in Amazon’s liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios since 1999. Liquidity Liquidity ratios measure Amazon’s ability to meet its short-term debt and include the current ratio and quick ratio. The following chart illustrates trends in Amazon’s liquidity ratios: Amazon’s curr...

Identifying the Authors Purpose on a Standardized Test

Identifying the Author's Purpose on a Standardized Test Knowing what authors purpose questions look like is one thing. Finding it is quite another! On a standardized test, youll have answer choices to help you figure it out, but distractor questions will often confuse you. On a short answer test, youll have nothing but your own brain to figure it out, and sometimes it isnt as easy at it seems. It may be helpful to practice these types of questions while preparing for standardized tests. Look For Clue Words Figuring out why an author wrote a particular passage can be as easy (or as difficult) as looking at clues inside the passage. Ive mentioned in the What is the Authors Purpose article several different reasons an author would have to write a passage of text, and what those reasons mean. Below, youll find those reasons, with the clue words associated with them. Compare: Author wanted to show similarities between ideasClue Words: both, similarly, in the same way, like, just asContrast: Author wanted to show differences between ideasClue Words: however, but, dissimilarly, on the other handCriticize: Author wanted to give a negative opinion of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that show the authors negative opinion. Judgment words like bad, wasteful, and poor all demonstrate negative opinions. Describe/Illustrate: Author wanted to paint a picture of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that provide descriptive detail. Adjectives like red, lusty, morose, striped, sparkling, and crestfallen are all illustrative.Explain: Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler termsClue Words: Look for words that turn a complicated process into simple language. A descriptive text will use more adjectives. An explanatory text will usually be used with a complicated idea.Identify/List: Author wanted to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideasClue Word s: Text that identifies or lists, will name an idea or series of ideas without providing much description or opinion. Intensify: Author wanted to make an idea greaterClue Words: Text that intensifies will add more specific details to the idea. Look for superlative adjectives and bigger concepts. A baby sadly crying is descriptive, but a baby mournfully howling red-cheeked for 30 minutes is more intense.Suggest: Author wanted to propose an ideaClue Words: Suggest answers are usually positive opinions and try to sway the reader to believe. The author will provide a point, then use details to prove it.​ Underline the Clue Words It helps to use that pencil in your hand when youre reading if youre unsure what the authors purpose is. As you read, underline the clue words in the text to help you get a better idea. Then, either compose a sentence using the key words (compare, explain, illustrate) to show why the author wrote the piece or select the best answer from the choices given.

Social Media and Academics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Media and Academics - Essay Example New media technology is highly associated with the transfer of information that is designated to be manipulated in some way. There are basic traits that are common to all forms of new media technology that confirm that social media is a form of new media. First, all forms of new media technology can be utilized in nearly all the markets across the world, that is, they are not bound or limited to any geographical factor such as distance. New media technologies also have the great level and speed of communication, which is attributed to the fact that they highly utilize the internet. Thirdly, the high level of interactivity enables the users to adopt new methodologies while they are transferring their own information. Fourthly, the new media technologies can incorporate other forms of communication such as telephony and video, which were previously isolated by old media (Leah and Sonia, 2002). Based on this traits, it is correct to assert that social media is a form of new media since the studies by Neal (2012), equally stated that various social media sites have the traits listed above. Social media sites The discussion in this present study will be referring to social media sites such as Facebook, which is the world’s most popular social media sites, followed by Twitter. LinkedIn is a popular social networking site mainly for businesspersons and professional while academia.edu is a social networking site for researchers and academicians. Other popular social media networking sites with mixed capabilities include MySpace, Google Plus, and Tagged, among others. According to Leah and Sonia (2002), one of the most critical features of these social media sites is interactivity. In this regard, the authors stated that social media technologies have the capacity to enable user-to-user interactivity and interactivity between the information and the user. This statement tends to prove that social media has brought about a paradigm shift that existed in the tradit ional model of communication which was â€Å"one-to-many† i.e. mass media communication. However, social media has enabled communicated to be conducted via the approach of â€Å"many to many† communication i.e. individualization media. Oliver (2007) further stated that interactivity option in most social media sites has so far been enabled by media convergence, the digitalization of media and dissemination of internet access points. The interactive capabilities of social media sites enable it to be applied for various uses that include socialization, educational, marketing, and a medium of communication. How social media is linked to academics As it has been noted above social media, has great capabilities of improving the interactivity between users and therefore, from an academic's perspective Joosten (2012), stated that it has recently been integrated into the online learning or e-learning platform, whereby besides using the official e-learning websites, the teacher s and learners also interact with each other via social media sites. In the writings by Wankel (2011), he stated that social media has created a link with academics since learners have developed their own links or pages whereby they interact and share notes as well as ideas that pertain to their learning process.

Restaurant Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restaurant Ethnography - Essay Example I decided to observe the behavior of the employees (waitresses, cashiers, chefs among others) thereby focusing on the importance of good behavior and customer relation in creating customer loyalty. Context: Cottage Inn is a medium restaurant that serves the daily food needs of the habitats of Chester’s Mill. It is located at the heart of the town, directly opposite Walmart Mall and besides Shell gas station. The restaurant serves various types of foods such as snacks, entrees and beverages, which are drafted in a stylish menu. Upon entry, there is a buffet service on the first right turn. I observed waiters standing behind big silver dishes awaiting to serve the customers. On the left, is a classy burrito bar which contains all the necessary items that are needed to make a sandwich or a Mexican burrito. Opposite the burrito bar is a brand new machine which is used to produce blended juice. Besides, this restaurant has also adequate space that allows the customers to relax and have a clear view of the outside while dinning. The dining room, a huge room decorated with golden curtains and expensive furniture, is located on the first floor of the building. Leather couches are arranged all-round the dining room with large television sets positioned exactly opposite each couch, I carried out my observations seated on the middle couch since I could observe almost everything from that point. This observations spanned over a period half an hour. First, I noted that there were different jobs assigned to different employees who were expected to carry them out. There were a couple of workers including five chefs on the main kitchen, six cleaners (three downstairs and three upstairs), two ushers, one burrito bar attendant, one milk and beverage server and four to five dish washers. These workers were all cladded uniformly. They wore white head wears, black pants and a white apron. They all looked neat apart from one whose shirt had been spilt over by soup.

What a Multinational Company?

What a Multinational Company? 1- Introduction: For better understanding this is important to discuss what a multinational company is in first place. In short words multinational company can be defined as a company or an organization that serves or produce in more than one country is known as multinational company. Other names use for such kind of organizations is Multinational Corporation (MNC), Transnational Corporation (TNC) or Multinational Enterprise (MNE). Multinational organization can be engaged in manufacturing, services or the exploitation of natural resources in the operating countries. Different writers described different definition of multinational companies. According to Moore Lewis (1999, P. 21) stated that â€Å"an enterprise that engages in foreign direct investment (FDI) and own or controls value adding activities in more than one country is known as multinational enterprise†. As Jones (1996, p.4) says â€Å"An MNE is usually defined as firm that controls operations or income generating assets in more than one country.† There is a long list of multinational firms like Sony, Nestle, Wal-Mart Stores, General Motors, Ford Motor, ConocoPhillips Microsoft, Nokia, Toyota Motors, Intel, Coco-Cola, Sony, IBM, Nike and Citigroup etc. Now the main question is about the multinational companies of different origin adopt different approaches of HRM practices. To discuss this section this is really important to discuss the HRM practices in first place, to define what HRM is and then its practices will be discussed throughout this essay step by step, and then practices of HRM in broader context for the MNCs or MNEs. HRM is modern word use in the businesses, which can be defined as â€Å"a model of personnel management that focuses on the individual rather than taking collective approach†. (www.dictionary.bnet.com). As Pennington Edwards (2000, P. 4) stated that â€Å"Human Resource Management (HRM) is a new way of thinking about how people should be managed as employees in the workplace†. It can be classified into two schools of thoughts.i.e. Hard HRM Soft HRM. Both types of HRM are under studies of different authors in detail. Now to concentrate on the question directly a survey is going to be under studies â€Å"Country of origin effects and HRM in multinational companies† which took place in 2007 by P. Edwards et al. In which he discussed 302 UK based multinational companies, which cover both UK owned and overseas owned companies. This study will play an important part in the essay to get the conclusion either multinational companies of different nationalities have different HRM approaches and practices or not. 2- Challenges In Multinationals According to Brett, Jeanne Kristin, 2006, international businesss nature is going under a sea change. The globalisation, multi-nationalisation, and the geographical diversification is pushing companies towards change in their management structure and style. Multinationals now need to consider regional market conditions and develop strategies to cater to each of the regional markets. Culture Shock Culture shock is the big challenge for multinationals, the difference brings the different thinking ways and working ways, and it needs time to adjust it. In most cases the expatriate manager prefer to emphasize and require the home office or home country values on the host countrys employees instead of accepting and learning within the new culture. (Adler, 2002) Lack Of Cross Cultural Training In fact, most multinationals ignore this training program during the staffing management. However, the better understanding about culture block can help managers to improve the effectiveness of staffing management. For example, The managers at Bell Canada were totally asked be training about Muslim laws of drinking and the treating of women there before he or she assigned a project for Saudi Arabia such like constructing the telephone system in there. (Adler, 2002) Family Problems Family problem for PNC manager is another challenge. The overseas employees always think of their family. Sometime, such emotion will effect the concentrations in their work. These difficulties are usually underestimated. What the organization should do is to assist expatriates family to adapt their new environment. (Dolan, 1996) 3- HRM Functions In MNCs Team members of multinational companies come from different countries with the different culture, economic, religions and habits. All of these differences bring the different thinking and working methods, thus, how to manage the multicultural team is a big challenge for the HRM in the multinationals. In the article â€Å"Managing multicultural team†, the author states that â€Å"Communication in Western cultures is typically direct and explicit. In many other cultures, meaning is embedded in the way the message is presented. The differences can cause serious damage to team relationships† (Jeanne Breeet , Kristin Behfar, and Mary C. Kern, 2007) . Retaining Subsidiary Staffs Retention It can be argued that the retention of staffing in the multinationals subsidiary conducts huge influence. The transfers between the PCNs, HCNs and the TCNs are the big issues in the staffing management strategy. Scolders identify that the HCNs and TCNs who are sent to the corporate headquarters (HQ) called inpatriates. As this article mentioned before, the ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach, the regioncentric approach, and the geocentric approach are the four major nationality staffing policies in the international staffing, by analyzing the complex and the new situation appear in the relationships between the HQ and subsidiary, B. Sebastian Reiche (2007) explores the international stiffing-related retention strategies . Firstly, he claims that a pluralistic and consensus-driven approach to international staffing enhances the retention capacity of international staffing practices through increased responsiveness to and involvement of the respective local unit. He states that the knowledge and skill from the local staff can help multinationals to reduce the risk and culture-bound in the local market. He also believes that this approach can improve the loyalty of local staffs, and the local staff can achieve individual career plan to cohere the institutional development plan. At the same time, he states that the PCNs still act as the vital role for informal controlling and coordination in the multinational companies. Secondly, he indicates that expatriation of local staff can help to retain the MNCss retention. In this approach, he states that the â€Å"inpatriates can share their social and contextual knowledge of the subsidiary environment with managers at the HQ. And also inpatriates tend to be accepted by HCNs more willingly than foreign personnel.† HRM is all concern about the employees at the work place, but the demands from HRM gone up as the education rate grown up. As Pennington and Edwards (2004, P.4) stated that â€Å"As a level of education become higher, a greater proportion of the population world wide expect more than fair treatment, they seek a range of intrinsic rewards such as job satisfaction, a degree of challenge, a sense of career progression and satisfying relation with co workers†. Selection Recruiting:- The main function of HRM is selecting and recruiting, no matter the firm is domestic or multinational. Staffing issue for domestic managers and MNCs managers are not very different for recruiting for the middle management or ground floor workers, but for selecting and recruiting of top management then the choices come like parent country national (PCNs), Host country national (HCNs) or third country national (TCNs). According to Parlmutter (1989) divided into three main categories. ‘Ethnocentric where top management favours PCNs managers, who are posted abroad for a period of time. ‘Polycentric where top management give choice to subsidies to fulfil management posts themselves, and ‘Geocentric when top management recruits managers globally and post them anywhere in the world. For example Japanese style of HRM dont rely on interviews and job advertisements, they select the people from the universities and the most top MNCs can afford the students from the most prestigious university. According to Keeley (2001, P.62) stated that â€Å"unlike the most Western companies detailed job description rarely exist. The company seeks to determine if the prospective employee has the type of personality that fits in well with the atmosphere at the company.†While US MNCs rely on â€Å"interview must† attribute of HRM practices in their subsidies. In China, they had no selection processes per se when they first started. Senior managers were appointed by community government-officials. Most of the new hires were based on employee referrals. Selection criteria were based on nepotism and contacts. Hiring decisions are influenced by the following in china: A persons ability to perform the technical requirements of the job A personal interview A persons ability to get along well with others already working here Having the right connections (e.g. school, family, friends, region, government, etc.) The companys belief that the person will stay with the company An employment test in which the Person needs to demonstrate their Skills Proven work experience in a similar job A persons potential to do a good job, even if the person is not that good when they first start How well the person will fit in the companys values and ways of doing things Future co-workers opinions about whether the person should be hired (Huczynski, Andrzej / Buchanan, David, 2001) A most important attribute in Japanese style of HRM is called â€Å"Shushinkoyo† which means life or long term employment. This is considered the success key of Japanese HRM as stated by Keeley (2001, P.65) â€Å"Nevertheless, a number of scholars both Japanese and non Japanese have praised ‘Shushinkoyo and have attributed the success of Japanese enterprises to its practice.† Here this shows that multinational companies from Japan apply different approach for selection the new recruits while US MNCs rely on a different phenomena of selection and recruitment. Performance Appraisal:- This is the HR attribute which has significant attention from both academics and practitioners, the appraisal system in US MNCs use to reduce the labour force as stated in Edwards (2007, P. 40) that â€Å"some US companies, GE for instance, have become known for using the appraisal system to remove the lower- performing employees from the workforce on a regular basis and /or to identify those in need of ‘remedial action for their performance level.† But in Japanese MNCs the companies gives the life time or long term employment as mentioned by Keeley (2001) that it is one of the best attribute of Japanese HRM in small Japanese enterprises or Japanese MNCs. Differences can b seen in the Edwards (2007) survey of Japanese and US multinational companies based in UK, where he stated that â€Å"US companies are more likely to emphasise the importance of behaviour in relation to corporate values, while Japanese firms give lower importance rating to quantitative or qualitative i ndividual evolution criteria, and criteria based on corporate values.† In large organizations the performance review on periodic basis, this is second task of organizations HR departments, after hiring an employee and on the basis of performance employee get bonuses, promotions and rewards. Performance appraisals give opportunity to the workers (individual/group) to get prepare for the future goals of firm. Pay, Compensations, Rewards Benefits:- Compensations like hourly wages and annual salaries while benefits are like life insurance, pensions and sick pays etc. According to Cherrington (1995) stated that compensation should be legal and ethical, adequate, motivate and fair, and should be able to give employment security to the worker. Pay compensation and rewards are not really different from each other, but in simple words rewards is the term use to motivate and to get the future goals by means of workforce for an organization, the reward system plays an important role, by reward (individual/group) the workers get appreciation and get themselves more committed to the firm. These are the some of the main features and functions of any (domestic/MNCs) firm HR department. In Japanese style of HRM they use a Japanese term ‘Nenko Joretsu which means seniority system, where in Japanese HR management the wages goes up with the age and experience, as stated in Keeley (2001, P. 76) said that â€Å"though nenko is most often translated as ‘seniority†. While US and Europe MNCs apply the performance related pay system. This is the most important phenomena of MNCs HR system when they go to borderless business. According to Edwards (2007, P. 46) stated in his survey that â€Å"Nationality has some effects. For example, American firms are likely to give organisational performance a higher importance rating for the KEY GROUP than others firms. UK firms are more likely emphasis individual output measures for LARGEST OCCUPATIONAL GROUP.† It shows the difference in attribute of HR practices and approaches in multinational firms. Training Development:- This is one of the important as well as crucial task for HR department for a firm operating globally, in this area of HRM multinational companies of different origin follow different approaches, for example according to Tung (1981) stated that â€Å"by comparing US, European and Japanese corporations, Americans firms it seems tend to underestimate the importance of training, whereas most European and Japanese organizations see this as a highly important area of attention†. The objectives and goals of training and development are to make sure the skilled and willing workers are available in the organization. Training and development are important to create a smarter working environment. In China, medium and large companies have formal training programmer and many have established special facilities for teaming purposes. Because of the lower educational level in the rural areas, the quality of the rural labour force is significantly in urban areas. Experienced, well-qualified staffs are in short supply. To disadvantage of hiring Key personnel from a shallow pool of talent, they invest heavily in training. Training is an important investment in human capital. Training improves an individuals performance and increase organizational effectiveness. (Ahlstrom Garry, 2001) Japanese MNCs pay less attention to training and development attribute of HRM, the reason might be the less mobility of workers in the Japanese firms, as they use the term ‘Shushinkoyo. According to Keeley (2001, P. 88) stated that â€Å"A study of the Japan Productivity Centre found differences in the attitudes towards training in Japanese and American firms.† Where Keeley stated that from the study and respond of both countries towards training issue were positive but American firms were strong and more positive then the Japanese firms and he also stated that Japanese firms arrange training on ‘request basis. A strategy which makes a firm successful is not easy to implement when they go beyond the borders, because of the barriers which might be language, religion, culture and legislations etc. As Keeley (2007, P.89) stated that â€Å"HR practices which makes a firm successful in domestic environment are difficult to implement in their overseas subsidiaries.† 4- HRM Approach In Multinational Firms: Now in this essay some of the multinational firms characteristics will be studied to see do they get affected by the country where they belong to in their HR practices and approaches or not? There are many MNCs, the country which has most MNCs is USA, and after that are Europe, Japan and Germany. There are many writers who discussed the issue of ownership and HRM in MNCs like Evan, Lank and Farquhar (1977), Barlett Goshal (1989), Rozenzweig Nohria (1994) and Innes Morris (1995) etc, which prove that the issue of ownership has been in discussion from ages, as according to Economist (1995) said that â€Å"the issue of ownership is central to the number of important policy related and academic debate in the area of HRM and IR, One line of argument is that, with increasing globalization MNCs are becoming stateless players, detached from individual nation states†. MNCs of different origin work in the host country by applying its local mechanism of HR practices and approaches, because it is not possible to work and apply 100% approaches of the parent country, as according to Rozenzweig Nohria (1994) said that â€Å"a rank and file IR issues are more likely to exhibit ‘local isomorphism †. There are many arguments about the affection of country of origin on MNCs HR practices, the reasons are many for MNCs to adopt different approaches of HRM, as Ferner (1997) described that â€Å"in short, it is imperative to take into account the dynamic of nationality as a factor affecting the behaviour of MNCs. The modernization of political institutions, the rapid pace of technology, the internationalization of product itself and changing pattern of international market and competition, all are likely to modify to pre existing national structure although not necessarily in the direction of convergence of different national systems on a si ngle model†. Now the essay will point out some differences in Chinese and American Human Resource Managements. China is one of the fastest growing economy of the world, according to Zhu (2005, P.2) explained that â€Å"the past two and half decades of reforms and impressive economic growth have witnessed an unprecedented enthusiasm for the establishment of foreign invested enterprises (FIEs). Many foreign companies have expended their operations into china, attracted mainly by the sheer size of its potential market†. There are many multinational firms in China like Aluminium Corp (ACH), China Petroleum Chemical Corp (SNP) and China Unicom (CHU) etc. The main practice of HRM is selection and recruitment as mentioned above, and the difference between the process of selection of Chinese and USA approach is, in USA model of HRM job interview is essential for filling a major position, while in Chinese HRM mostly jobs are allocated by government and interview process is not common. In reward system the USA model of HRM offers a variety of incentives system, while Chinese HRM system is different from USA, in Chinese system salary ranges are narrow, group reward system is common, but the pay system is more motivate than American pay system. In performance appraisal USA model of HRM believes in two way communication, while in Chinese model supervisor have absolute power and authority to evaluate subordinates, in USA participative management is welcome and encourage, but in Chinese HRM collective leadership is common, and in major decision making, the involvement of workers is symbolic. The difference can be seen in different origin or nationality MNCs that the US MNCs are significantly more like to collect information on employee attitude bring together HR managers from different countries and use HR international shared services, Japanese organizations are less likely to collect data centrally, while French origin MNCs acting more likely in US style of HRM practices, and German origin MNCs firms follow Japanese style of HRM practices. (Jackson, 2002) The best example is British American Tobacco (BAT), which is operating in a number of countries in the world, i.e. Pakistan, South Africa, UK, Japan, Saudi Arabia and many more. As this is an American based firm, and American have an ‘interview must attribute in their HR practices, they apply the same approach for selecting and recruiting in the host country Pakistan, and the adopt some practices of Pakistan HRM practices (host country) like monthly payment of salaries instead of weekly wages, so its means BAT reflected their parent country HRM practices in some ways and in subsidies like UK, BAT apply the same HR practices and approaches as the parent country have, because the culture difference is not very distinct from each other i.e. UK and USA. (www.bat.com) (self experience as a worker of BAT in Pak) 5- Conclusion This essay was carried out to see, do multinational organizations of different origin have different approaches to international human resource management? There were some evidences that showed the answer as ‘Yes they get affected by its country of origin in on or other way, but it is also proved that the most of MNCs adopt ‘the best fit policy when MNCs start operating in a host country, because of the obstacles in the host country, i.e. language, religion, norms and values, culture and legislations. Writers in HRM field have different opinion about the behaving of MNCs, so the best option for MNCs is to apply the ‘best fit approaches of the HRM practices, means combination of both (Parent Host countries) HRM practices. The issue of ownership country of MNC has been in discussion for ages, but still there is not a 100% accurate answer came out as according to Ferner (1997) said that â€Å"but existing research has failed to systematically explore differences†. All these discussion and researchers efforts bring the conclusion that in some HR attributes in MNCs they follow the a universal approach while in some they follow the different approaches in HR practices, according to the survey by Edwards (2007) stated that â€Å"throughout the report, we have noted the persistent influence of nationality. There are clear national differences in all four area of HR/ER: Pay performance, Learning development, employee involvement and employee representation.† But the bottom line can be that: yes! Multinational firms of different origin can be effected by the parent country HR practices when the run business in other part of the world instead of the home country. There are some obstacles for multinational companies which can stop them to apply the 100% parent country HR practices in their subsidies like legislation of the host country, rules and regulation and more, there is term used in Edwards (2007, P.29) survey of Multinational companies in UK called discretion or local autonomy. Which shows multinational companies of different origin give the power of decision making and freedom to their subsidies? In that survey the high discretion power firms are Japanese, which means Japanese multinational companies give more freedom to their subsidies comparatively to American, French and other Multinational firms of different origin. But another thing can be the law enforcement of subsidies (host Country), the example can be Germany where the rules and regulation are strict so the difference in practices of HR of a multinational firm would not be as bigger as in Pakistan, because of the law enforcement, like differences would be less in Europe but it would be greater in Asia. Reference And Bibliography Acuff, F. (1984) International and Domestic Human Resource Functions: Innovations in International Compensation. New York: Organization Resources Counsellors, pp. 3-5. Bartlett, C., Goshal, S. (1989) Managing across Borders : The Transnational Solution, Boston, Harvard Business School Press. Briscoe, R.D. Schuler, R.S (2004) International Human Resource Management; 2nd Ed, New York, Prentice Hall. Cherrington, D, J. (1995) the management of human resources; Enkweed Cliff, NJ: Printice Hall. Edwards, P. at al. (2007) employment practices of multinational companies in organisational context: Available at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/projects/mncemployment/conference_papers/full_report_july.pdf Ferner, A (1997) ‘Country of origin effects and HRM in Multinational companies, Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 7, no.1, 19 28 Ferner, A. (2000) ‘The embeddedness of US multinational companies in the US business system: implementation of HR/IR. Harzing, W. A. Ruysseveldt, V.J. (1995) International Human Resource Management; London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Harzing, W. A. Ruysseveldt, V.J. (2004) International Human Resource Management; 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Jemison, D, B. Sitkin, S, B (1986) Corporate acquisition: A process perspective. Academy of Management Review, 11, 145 163 Jackson, T. (2002) International HRM: A cross cultural approach, London; SAGE publications Ltd. Jones, G. (1996) The Evolution of International Business: An Introduction; London, Routledge. Keeley, T.D. (2001) International Human Resource Management in Japanese firms. Hampshire: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. KPMG (Ed) (1999) unlocking shareholder value: The keys to success. London Maund, L. (2001) An Introduction to Human Resource Management: theory and practice; Basingstoke, Palgrave. Moore, K. Lewis, D. (1999) Birth of Multinational; Denmark, AKA Print. Ozbilgin, M. (2005) International Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. Hampshire: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Parlmutter, H.V (1969) ‘the tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation, Columbia Journal of World Business, 4 (1), pp. 9 18 Pennington, A. Edwards, T (2000) Introduction to Human Resource Management; New York, Oxford University Press Inc. Pucik, V. (1984) ‘the international management of Human Resources, in: Fombrum, C.J. Tichy, N.M. and Devana, M.A. (eds.) Strategic HRM. New York: Wiley, pp. 403 419. Rozenzweig, P Nohria, N. (1994) ‘Influence of human resource management practices in multinational corporation Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.25, no.2, 229 251 Stopford, J. M. Turner, L. (1985) Britain And The Multinationals; Chichester, JOHN WILEY SONS. Tayab, H.M. (2005) International Human Resource Management: A Multinational Company Perspective; New York, Oxford University Press Inc. The, economist. (1995). ‘A survey of multinationals. 24th June Tung, R.L. (1981) ‘Selecting and training of personnel for overseas assignments, Columbia Journal of World Business, 16 (1), pp.68 78. www.bat.com [online] Access date: 01st Aug 2009 Available at: http//:www.bat.com/group/sites/UK_3MNFEN.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO6Z2KVH?opendocumentSKN=1 Zhu, C.J. (2005) Human Resource management in China: Past, current and future HR practices in the industrial sector; New York, Routledge Curzon. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_research http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffing International dimensions of human resource management, Peter J. Dowing Randall s. Schuler, page 4 Managing the global work force: Challenges and strategies, Academy of Management Executive, Roberts,K.Kossek,E.E., and Ozeki,C(1998) 12(4): 6-16 Adler,N.J.(2002) International dimensions of Organizational behavior, 4th edn Shimon L. Dolan. International HRM Ecole de relations industrielles, Case postale 6128 Montreal, 1996 Brett, Jeanne; Behfar, Kristin; Kern, Mary C.. Harvard Business Review, Nov2006, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p88 (AN 22671287) Edstrom, A., Galbraith, J. R. (1977). Transfer of managers as a coordination and control strategy in multinational organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22: 248-263. David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Michael J. Morley, Journal of World Business 42.2 (June 2007): p200. Tahvanainen, M., Welch, D., Worm, V. (2005), Implications of short-term international assignments. European Management Journal, 23: p663-673. David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Michael J. Morley, Journal of World Business 42.2 (June 2007): p210. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p529. B. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p529. B. Sebastian Reiche, International Journal of Human Resource Management , 8.4 (April 2007): p530. http://www.colmr.research.va.gov/mgmt_research_in_va/methodology/qualitative_research.cfm Ahlstrom, David / Bruton, Garry / Chan, Eunice S. :HRM of foreign firms in China: The Challenge of Managing Host Country Personnel, Business Horizons 44(3), 2001, p, 59 68. Blake, John / Amat Salas, Oriol / Wraith, Philip: Joint ventures in China a Spanish case, European Business Review 97(4), 1997, p. 155 161. Foster, Dean: The Global Etiquette Guide: China, http://workabroad.monster.com/articles/chinaetiquitte/, 2001. Huczynski, Andrzej / Buchanan, David: Organizational Behaviour An Introductory Text, 4th edition, London: Prentice Hall, 2001. Brett, Jeanne; Behfar, Kristin; Kern, Mary C.. Harvard Business Review, Nov2006, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p87 (AN 22671287) Adler,N.J.(2002) International dimensions of Organizational behavior, 4th edn

Black dog of fate Essay

The Book â€Å"Black Dog of Fate† by Peter Balakian is a memoir by the Armenian genocide survivors’ descendants that lived in the United States of America and it was written in the suburbs of Tenafly, New Jersey, where the author grew up. The author tries to relate his personal history and happenings in his family to the general story of the Armenians. It is the story of a young man’s realization of his background and the huge massacres that occurred to the Armenians in Turkey. It is the history of the killing of about one and half million Armenians by the Ottoman Turkish government in 1915 (Balakian, 1997). These series of killings is regarded as the twentieth century’s first genocide. The name ‘Black dog of fate’ is about the parable that was narrated to the author by his grandmother ‘Nafina Aroosian’. In the parable, there were two offerings that were made to the goddess of fate. The first offering is a luscious lamb that had its body filled with almonds and pomegranates and its eyes sparkled with rubies, while the other offering is a dead black dog that had its mouth filled with wormy apple. In a twist of fate, the lamb is rejected and the dead black dog is accepted by the goddess. As Nafina puts it to Peter that he should not be deceived by appearances and that the world is not what people think it is (Balakian, 1997). Peter balakian was one of the members of the Balakian-Aroosian family and the oldest in his generation. His family had secretly guarded the history of their past for so long. They guarded this secret as they had horrific memories of their past in their heads as they knew if they delved into their pasts the gory details of their traumatic experiences in the hands of their persecutors would haunt them. The memory of the brutal murder of lots of their relatives was not a topic that was suitable for discussion as they looked to erase the tragic event from their memories. It narrates the ordeal of the Armenians in the hands of the Turks. The Armenians were subjected to various forms of inhumane conditions. Their ladies were raped and their men were butchered. The Armenians were gruesomely murdered in their thousands day after day and their carcasses were left to the vultures to feast upon. The Turks robbed them off their belongings and really impoverished them. The book exposes the societal evils perpetrated by the Turks on the Armenians. The Turkish government tries to cover up these horrific crimes as they denied the existence of the genocide. Balakian lets us into his family line as we are introduced to the matriarchs, a bishop, merchants, physicians, his aunts and two famous figures in the world of literature. The names of his renowned aunts are Anna and Nona Balakian, who distinguished themselves in the field of literature. His two other aunts are Gladys and Lucille, who were business women on Wall Street. But out of all these characters, the most important of them is his grandmother, one of the survivors of the genocide, whose experience was dreadful as she lost her husband to the genocide. The book teaches us survival instincts in the midst of obstacles and it narrates a family’s sojourn from a horrific past into a better life and a new world. It represents the experience of an immigrant child in the United States of America while still retaining one’s cultural heritage. It tells us how the author’s relatives escaped the genocide and ended up in the United States of America. One of the remarkable quotations in the novel that makes the novel a notable one as recognized by the New York Times Book review is simply quoted â€Å"In all of this germ madness there seemed to be some deeper, more pervasive anxiety being expressed. Some pathological fear that I sensed in my grandmother when she hovered over me, incessantly brushing her hand over my hair and asking me, How are you, what can I do for you, are you OK? Eench, eench, eench. [What, what, what] For my grandparents’ and parents’ generation, perhaps the world was a place conspiring to kill you. After the Genocide, the fear of death was different from the fear of mortality. In this atmosphere of deep anxiety, our family was far from the optimistic mood of suburbia. As my grandmother said to me as I lay on my bed recovering from the measles, ‘Sleep with one eye open; know the evil eye.'† (Balakian, 1997). Another powerful excerpt is in the latter page of the book and it is quoted a s â€Å"Free speech does not guarantee the deniers the right to be treated as the other side of a legitimate debate when there is no other side.† (Balakian, 1997). As the persecutions was against the Armenian Christians by the Turkish Muslims, the holocausts in the World War II era draws inspiration from it as it foreshadowed the mind-sets of the German army. The World War I killings of the millions of Armenians by the Ottoman Turks served as a justification to the holocausts of the World War II era. The holocaust was a period of mass murder of the Jews during the Second World War. During the holocausts, Hitler made several references to the serial killings of the Armenians as he justified their extermination. On the latter part of the book, Peter Balakian observes the mind-set of the German army towards the Armenians which foreshadows the pains they would later inflict on the European Jews in the Second World War (Balakian, 1997). As the Germans considered the Armenians as threats to the Turks so also were the Jews considered as threats to the establishment of the superiority of the Germans. In the concluding pages of the book, Balakian requests for the acceptance by the Turkish government of the Armenian genocide, a fact they had previously denied its existence. He also requests for an apology by the Turkish government and a consequential forgiveness from the Armenians. Reference Balakian, P. (1997). Black Dog of Fate . New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Counseling, Cognitive And Behavioral Therapies - 1165 Words

Introduction Counseling is a therapy that involves communication using a variety of methods. Verbal, nonverbal, and written are some of the ways to communicate during counseling. Counseling allows a person to share their feelings, thoughts and problems to another (a counselor) in a dependable and confidential environment. Normally the counselor empathizes with the clients. Many types of counseling are evident depending on the type of problem one has. Counseling usually involves the psychology, therefore, can be termed as psychological therapy. One of the psychological therapies is behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy involves behaviors and cognitions. Apparently, cognitive and behavioral therapies are based on the thinking of the individual and on the way the individuals behave. Cognitive and behavioral therapies are of importance and that is the area of my specialization. Type 1 Cognitive and behavioral therapies are subdivided severally. They include acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), behavioral therapy, cognitive analytic therapy (CAT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive therapy. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a behavioral analysis that uses strategies like mindfulness and acceptance to aid in increasing flexibility of psychology. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a form that tries to assemble ideas together from both analytic and cognitive into integrative models. CAT helps the client understand the reasons as to why they behaveShow MoreRelatedA Personal Theory of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Counseling Essay2719 Words   |  11 PagesRunning head: A PERSONAL THEORY OF COGNITIVE- 1 A Personal Theory of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Counseling Mary L. Terry Student ID #: 22185762 Liberty University Abstract A counselor’s job is to journey along with their client and to provide insight and support to those who are at risk and those who are hurting and searching for comfort and acceptance. If the counselor is a Christian they will also want to share our Heavenly Father’s love with the counselee and help guide themRead MoreRole of Cognition in Counseling1589 Words   |  7 PagesCOGNITION IN COUNSELING TABLE OF CONTENT. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Cognitive therapy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Characteristics of cognitive-behavioral therapy†¦.5 Virtual Reality Therapy...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Rational Emotive Therapy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Transactional ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 conlusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Role of cognition in counseling Introduction Cognitive therapyRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1403 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive therapy, now called cognitive behavioral therapy was developed by Aaron Beck. 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One of the primary premise that the proponents of REBT rely on is the belief that people are fundamentally born imperfect; one of theRead MorePsychology Methods1267 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween two therapies used in psychology. The approaches are known as the Client-Centered Approach and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. They are both used daily, world-wide, and can be seen in different ways. In psychology, the use of therapy, approaches, and techniques are used all the time. The client-centered model is all about the clients themselves and the cognitive behavioral therapy relies on direct counseling tools to control and guide the client. Cognitive behavioral therapy is more short-termRead MoreEssay Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1200 Words   |  5 PagesKendra Cherry, â€Å"professional counseling is an application of mental health, psychological or development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systemic intervention strategies, that address wellness, personal growth, or career development† (Cherry - Paraphrase). Many counselors specialize in specific forms of therapy. Generally, counselors who focus on specific types of counseling methods usually require advanced knowledge in the specific field. Counseling can be described as guidanceRead MoreEssay about Contrast Effective Biblical Counseling Concepts1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn order for Biblical counseling to be effective, a counselor must be completely prepared to work in the ministry of helping others. Beyond the worldly challenges, a Christian counselor also faces humanistic therapeutic false views of secular therapy. Christian counselors maintain a focal point in guiding people to living a life that is full of spiritual richness and maturity. Yet, secular therapist focuses on self-gratification and self-actualization. As Christian ministry helpers, you must beRead MoreSex Offenders1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Treatment providers recognized that sex offenders evidenced had a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, or thought processes that allowed the offenders to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame (Abel, 1989). No matter what setting that cognitive therapy is used in, its purpose is to focus on the way an individual thinks and to change any type of â€Å"thinking errors†. For our purposes, cognitive treatment is used in the correctional and community setting to help offenders think rationallyRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1697 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one therapeutic approach that is capable of providing this group with effective psychotherapeutic treatment and interventions as well as approaches that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of group therapy. Often developed for skills training, cognitive-behavioral groups are characterized by the use of practical interventions focused on behavior modification techniques (Wilson, Bouffard, and Mackenzie; 2005). The therapeutic goal of cognitive behavioralRead MoreContrasting Psycodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral and Person-Centered Counseling Theories1732 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach decisions affecting their life. Often counseling is sought out at times of change or crisis, it need not be so, however, as counseling can also help us at any time of our life† (Woods, 2005). Counseling theories are used by counselors as part of their treatment plan for clients. There are many types of theories that counselors can choose from. These theories are usually hosen based on the client needs and what the counselor

Facts About the Whale Shark

Whale sharks are gentle giants that live in warm waters and have beautiful markings. Although these are the largest fish in the world, they feed on tiny organisms.   These unique, filter-feeding sharks appeared to evolve about the same time as filter-feeding whales, around 35 to 65 million years ago.   Identification While its name may be deceiving, the whale shark is actually a shark (which is a cartilaginous fish). Whale sharks can grow to 65 feet in length and up to about 75,000 pounds in weight. Females are generally larger than males. Whale sharks have a beautiful coloration pattern on their back and sides. This is formed of light spots and stripes over a dark gray, blue or brown background. Scientists use  these spots to identify individual sharks, which helps them learn more about the species as a whole. The underside of a whale shark is light. Scientists are not sure why whale sharks have this distinctive, complex coloration pattern. The whale shark evolved from bottom-dwelling carpet sharks that have noticeable body markings, so perhaps the sharks markings are simply evolutionary leftovers. Other theories are that the marks help camouflage the shark, help sharks recognize each other or, perhaps most interesting, are used as an adaptation to protect the shark from ultraviolet radiation.   Other identification features include a streamlined body and broad, flat head. These sharks also have small eyes. Although their eyes are each about the size of a golf ball, this is small in comparison to the sharks 60-foot size. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: OrectolobiformesFamily: RhincodontidaeGenus: RhincodonSpecies: Typus Rhincodon is translated from the Green as rasp-tooth and Typus means type. Distribution The whale shark is a widespread animal that occurs in warmer temperate and tropical waters. It is found in the pelagic zone in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Feeding Whale sharks are migratory animals who appear to move to feeding areas in conjunction with fish and coral spawning activity.   Like  basking sharks, whale sharks filter small organisms out of the water.   Their prey includes plankton, crustaceans, tiny fish, and sometimes larger fish and squid. Basking sharks  move water through their mouths by slowly swimming forward. The whale shark feeds by opening its mouth and sucking in water, which then passes through the gills. Organisms get trapped in small, tooth-like structures called dermal denticles,  and in the pharynx. A whale shark can filter over 1,500 gallons of water an hour. Several whale sharks may be found feeding a productive area. Whale sharks have about 300 rows of tiny teeth, totaling about 27,000 teeth, but they are not thought to play a role in feeding. Reproduction Whale sharks are ovoviviparous and females give birth to live young that are about 2 feet long. Their age at sexual maturity and length of gestation are unknown. Not much is known about breeding or birthing grounds either.  In March 2009, rescuers found a 15-inch long baby whale shark in a coastal area in the Philippines, where it had been caught in a rope. This may mean that the Philippines is a birthing ground for the species. Whale sharks appear to be a long-lived animal. Estimates for the longevity of whale sharks are in the range of 60-150 years. Conservation The whale shark is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.  Threats include hunting, impacts of diving tourism and overall low abundance. References and Further Information: Associated Press. 2009. Tiny Whale Shark Rescued (Online. MSNBC.com. Accessed April 11, 2009.Martins, Carol and Craig Knickle. 2009. Whale Shark (Online). Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Accessed April 7, 2009.Norman, B. 2000. Rhincodon typus. (Online) 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed April 9, 2009.Skomal, G. 2008. The Shark Handbook: The Essential Guide for Understanding the Sharks of the World. Cider Mill Press Book Publishers. 278pp.  Wilson, S.G. and R.A. Martin. 2001. Body markings of the whale shark: vestigial or functional? Western Australian Naturalist. Accessed January 16, 2016.